Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous is utilized to allude to an unspecified time between ‘before now’ and ‘now’. The speaker is considering something that began however maybe did not complete in that time frame. He/she is keen on the procedure and in addition the outcome and this procedure may in any case be going on, or may have quite recently wrapped up.
Examples
1) Actions began previously and proceeding in the present:
- We have lived in Sapporo for a long time.
2) When the era alluded to has not wrapped up:
- It has rained a considerable measure this year.
3) Actions rehashed in an unspecified period between the past and now:
- We have eaten at that eatery ordinarily.
4) Actions finished in the extremely later past (+just):
- Have you quite recently completed work?
5) When the exact time of the activity isn’t essential or not known:
- She has considered Japanese, Russian and English.
English
The present perfect continuous in English is utilized predominantly for finished past activities or occasions when it is comprehended that it is the present aftereffect of the occasions that is engaged upon, as opposed to the snapshot of consummation. No specific past time period is determined for the activity/occasion. At the point when a past time spans (a state of time previously, or timeframe which finished before) is determined for the occasion, unequivocally or certainly, the straightforward past is utilized as opposed to the present great.
The strained might be said to be a kind of blend of present and past. It generally infers a solid association with the present and is utilized mainly in discussions, letters, daily papers and TV and radio reports.
It can likewise be utilized for continuous or routine circumstances proceeding up to the present time (for the most part not finished, but rather the present time might be the snapshot of fulfillment). That utilization depicts for to what extent or since when something has been the situation, regularly in light of time articulations with “for” or “since, (for example, for a long time, since 1995). At that point, the present impeccable nonstop frame is frequently utilized, if a proceeding with activity is being depicted.
For illustrations, see Uses of English verb frames § Present immaculate and in addition the areas of that article identifying with the straightforward past, display culminate constant, and other flawless structures.
The present perfect continuous is a syntactic blend of the current state and flawless angle that is utilized to express a past occasion that has show outcomes. The term is utilized especially with regards to English punctuation to allude to shapes like “I have cleared out”. In English, finished activities in numerous settings are eluded to utilizing the straightforward past verb shape as opposed to the present great.
English likewise has a present flawless persistent (or present immaculate dynamic) frame, which joins current state with both impeccable viewpoint and constant (dynamic) perspective: “I have been eating”. The activity isn’t really total; and the same is valid for specific employments of the fundamental present immaculate when the verb communicates a state or an ongoing activity: “I have lived here for a long time.”
Activities THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT
She has been sitting tight for all of you day (= she’s as yet holding up now).
I’ve been dealing with this report since eight o’clock toward the beginning of today (= regardless I haven’t completed it).
They have been going since last October (= and they’re not home yet).
Activities THAT HAVE JUST FINISHED, BUT WE ARE INTERESTED IN THE RESULTS
She has been cooking since the previous evening (= and the sustenance on the table looks tasty).
It’s been sprinkling (= and the avenues are as yet wet).
Somebody’s been eating my chips (= half of them have gone).
Framing THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The present flawless ceaseless is comprised of two components: the present immaculate of the verb ‘to be’ (have/has been), and the present participle of the primary verb (base+ing)
Subject has/have been base+ing
She has been swimming
Positive: She has been/she’s been running.
Negative: She hasn’t been running.
Interrogative : Has she been running?
Interrogative negative: Hasn’t she been running?
Illustration: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS, TO LIVE
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have been living I haven’t been living Have I been living?
You have been living You haven’t been living Have you been living?
He, she, it has been living He hasn’t been living Has she been living?
We have been living We haven’t been living Have we been living?
You have been living You haven’t been living Have you been living?
They have been living They haven’t been living Have they been living?
VERBS WITHOUT CONTINUOUS FORMS
With verbs not typically utilized as a part of the consistent shape, utilize the straightforward present flawless rather (verbs, for example, know, detest, hear, comprehend, need).
- I’ve needed to visit China for quite a long time.
- She’s known Robert since she was a tyke.
- I’ve loathed that music since I initially heard it.
- I’ve heard a great deal about you as of late.
- We’ve comprehended everything.
